The extensive use of dieselpowered equipment in underground mines makes it challenging to control workers exposure to submicron aerosols and noxious gases emitted by those. In history, before miners had access to productive equipment and blasting. The work presents only briefly elements of underground mining technology. The global shipments are expected to surpass 450 thousand units by 2024. During the early 1900s, the new technology of electric lighting began making its way into underground mines in the united states. This paper presents essential findings obtained through a longterm evaluation of dpf system with diesel fuel burner technology installed on a heavyduty loadhaul dump vehicle in an underground metal mine. In hardrock mines carefully planned drilling into the ore and blasting with dynamite or ammoniumnitrate explosives are common. Mining technology,like that of all industry,languished during the dark.
Sme members include engineers, geologists, metallurgists, educators, students and researchers. These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner. Minto mine qml0001 underground mine development and operations plan june 2014 1 background this underground mine development and operations plan umdop has been prepared to satisfy the requirements of quartz mining icence qml00l01 for the development and mining of the underground at minto mine, owned by minto explorations ltd. In this selective mining method, the void created by mining is backfilled with a. While most largescale mining projects involve openpit mining, many large underground mines are in operation around the world. When any ore body lies a considerable distance below the surface, the amount of waste that has to be removed in order to uncover the ore through surface mining becomes prohibitive, and underground techniques must be considered. Processed ore by minerals for open pit and underground metal mines for the period 1988 to 1997 in the western world. Underground mining methods and equipment encyclopedia of life.
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. The company began underground mining during 2003, using electrohydraulic drill rigs and roofbolting jumbos. Fording river produces both metallurgical coking coal for the steel industry and thermal. Surface mines are typically used for more shallow and less valuable deposits. Minto mine underground mine development and operations. Behind the mining technology transformation mckinsey.
Incos stobie mine is located on the south rim of the sudbury ore basin, mining nickelcopper ore. Intelligent mining technology for an underground metal mine based on unmanned equipment. By the new stone age,humans had progressed to underground mining in systematic openings 2 to 3 ft 0. Mining equipment market share, statistics industry. Intelligent mining technology for an underground metal mine based on unmanned equipmentj.
Longwall mining is a highly mechaniz ed underground mining sys tem for mining coal. Mining technology mining news and views updated daily is using cookies. Author links open overlay panel jianguo li kai zhan. It uses a diesel fleet that is typical of hardrock mining across the canadian mining industry. Get more details on this report request free sample pdf rapid evolution in mining processes and a rise in the adoption of automated solutions in recent years are predicted. This report does not include downstream processing, such as smelting of. For this project, five heavyduty loadhauldump lhd scooptrams were selected to represent the primary heavyduty workhorse in underground mining. Sufficient knowledge of the mineral deposit, mining technology, processing methods, and costs is needed for undertaking a feasibility study and proving the prospect worthy of being developed into a mine. Mining industry response to the book continues to be incredible.
Thanks in large part to the efforts by john chadwick of the mining journal, and many other members of the mining community, the hard rock miners handbook has been distributed to over 1 countries worldwide. A mineral, with a few exceptions, is an inorganic substance occurring in nature that has a definite chemical composition and distinctive physical properties or molecular structure. Green mining mit massachusetts institute of technology. Underground mines are more expensive and are often used to reach deeper deposits. Mining equipment market size was valued at over usd 70 billion in 2017 which is expected to grow at over 5% cagr from 2018 to 2024. It set of longwall mining equipment consists of a coal shear er mounted on convey or operating. Mining news and indepth feature articles on the latest mining company deals and projects covering trends in mineral exploration with up to date data on the most mined metal and mineral commodities. Thus, intelligent mining technology for an underground mine based on unmanned equipment was verified. Sme is a professional society nonprofit 501c3 corporation whose more than 15,000 membership represents all professionals serving the minerals industry in more than 100 countries. Copper was the first metal to have been liberated from ore about 7000 bc. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin. The life cycle of mining begins with exploration, continues through production, and ends with closure and postmining land use. New technologies can benefit the mining industry and consumers in all stages of this life cycle.
We provide a comprehensive wireless solution for surface and underground mining. Underground mining has the potential for tunnel collapses and land subsidence betournay, 2011. Distance measurement, leveling, triangulation and trilateration, traversing, plane table surveying, curve ranging, the theory of errors underground mine environment. Mining technology mining news and views updated daily. Sufficient knowledge of the mineral deposit, mining technology, processing methods, and costs is needed for. Counting against underground mining are the costs, which, for each ton of material mined, are much higher underground than on the. The size and scope of australias underground mining industry, its safety culture, high production rates, and the technical challenges associated with depth, geology, seismicity, and mining.
Although underground mining is a less environmentallydestructive means of gaining access to an ore deposit, it is often more costly and entails greater safety risks than strip mining, including openpit mining. Many metals are mined this way including gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc or nickel. Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit andor the waste to ore ratio stripping ratio are. Commercialization is the culmination of these development efforts and is occurring in coal. For example, since the 1980s, australia has been allocating millions of dollars towards mining research and this research has aided in the development of new, more efficient. A discussion of underground mining also loses much of its value unless costs are considered, because the expectation of profit is the only excuse for carrying on mining at all. There was some information on control technologies from an isolated zone study, but there were no data on the effects of many control technologies, such as diesel particulate filters dpfs, operating under actual mining conditions. Implementation of diesel particulate filter technology in.
This article analyzes the current research status and development trend of intelligent technologies for underground metal mines in china, where such. By the new stone age, humans had progressed to underground mining in. Sandvik lh202 is a new compact and lightweight 3metrictoncapacity load haul dump lhd for narrow vein mining. Deep underground hardrock mining bibliotheque et archives. Safety was the primary driver of this new technology given the pervasive occurrences of explosions caused by mine gas ignition. It integrates with newtrax iot devices, delivering data from all assets, people and equipment including nonsandvik equipment into one source, providing realtime and predictive insights to improve operations. The editor gratefully acknowledges extracts from underground mining methods. It involves largescale movements of waste rock and vegetation, similar to open pit mining. Intelligent mining technologies for underground metal mines are the concrete embodiment of chinas national policy of upgrading traditional industries through modern and cuttingedge technologies.
Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds or rubies. Additionally, like most traditional forms of mining, underground mining can release toxic compounds into the air and water. Diesel engines are a major contributor to concentrations of submicron aerosols, co, co 2, no x, so 2 and hydrocarbons hc in underground coal and metalnonmetal mines. Growing demand for metals has resulted in todays world wide exploration and mining boom. Pdf this article analyzes the current research status and development trend of intelligent technologies for underground metal mines in china. Underground mining today is very different from what we envision of workers with shovels from the 19th century. Excavation and the construction of an important range of infrastructure workplaces, power supply, transport, drainage and pumping, maintenance are required in order to.
White paper digital transformation initiative mining and. It offers both reduced dilution, better flexibility and operator safety when working in narrow vein operations. Underground metal mining underground mining methods adapt to the conditions and form of the rock, as well as to the dimensions, strength and stability of the mineralized body. Growing demand for metals has resulted in todays world wide exploration and. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 1c. Wireless solutions for surface and underground mining. The first section gives an overview of underground mining methods and. Barrick gold corporation technical report on the hemlo mine, marathon, ontario, canada ni 43101 report qualified persons. Research and development of new green mining technology in the areas of processing, clean water, and energy efficiency will be continued green mining initiative, 2011. Pdf surface and underground mining technology kheirou. With the cost of surface mining having increased dramatically after the renewal of its mining contract during 2004, zimplats is focusing on on the underground operation, which will provide an increasing proportion of its output. Lh202 underground loader sandvik mining and rock technology. Underground mining underground mining refers to a technique used to excavate material found deep underground.
More than four mines would be a better representation of the overall metalnonmetal underground mining industry. The loveridge project is a fullscale demonstration of the technology as applied to underground mining. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Ngezi platinum group metals mine, zimbabwe mining technology. Intelligent mining technology for an underground metal mine based. Classification of underground mining methods mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. The world economic forum is committed to helping leaders understand the implications of digitalization and supporting them on the journey to shape better opportunities for business and society. Underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st. Intelligent mining technology for an underground metal.
Placer mining is used to sift out valuable metals from sediments in river channels, beach sands, or other environments. The digital transformation initiative dti is a project launched by the world economic forum in 2015 to serve as the focal point for new opportunities and. Mining, process of extracting useful minerals from the surface of the earth, including the seas. Underground mining is generally more selective than open pit mining.
Current issue copyright 2015 china engineering science press. Mineralogy, crystallography, economic geology, structural geology, prospecting and exploration, reserve estimation mine surveying. Elpro is a top industry leader, providing wireless mining solutions used to monitor and control remote machinery, collect critical process data from sensors, track physical and human assets, and monitor security and the environment. As conditions vary they cause fluctuations in cost and there are few operations to which a definite cost can be assigned.